CHAPTER - 1 : INTROUCTION TO INTERNET

INTERNET

- It is a global network made up of thousands of networks that communicate with each other.

Network

When one or more devices are connected with each other, it makes a network.

- The internet started as a U.S project in the year 1969.

- called ARPANET ( Advanced Research Projects Administrator)

Characteristics of Internet

- a complex network

- disorganized

- decentralized

- widely used

- dynamic

What the internet is not?

- organized

- centrally control

- accurate information

- static

- easy to navigate

- free of charge

Features of Internet

- Getting online

- sending and receiving messages

- online businesses

- chatting with others

- playing online games

- online meetings

Structure of the Internet

The major components are ;

Internet Services

Most of the services can be accessed through a web browser, such as Internet Explorer.

Elements of Internet

Clients's PC's

These are the computers that are request information from the servers.

Server Computers

A server is a computer that stores the millions of files of the one or more websites.

Networks

These are composed of one or more servers computers and multiple client PC's.

Nodes

"Nodes" is a generic term used for represents a client, server and network.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

URL's are the unique address of internet resources.

Internet Protocol (IP)

- It is a method

- which data is sent from one computer to another computer

- over the internet

- a computer which is connected to the internet has at least one IP

- The IP address which uniquely identifies the one computer from another computer.

Hypertext (Non-linear information)

- allows you to navigate through a flood of information space.

- any path of your choice

- allows a web page to be created with links to any pages on the web.

Hypertext = multimedia + hyperlink

Hyperlinks

- hyperlink or links

- hyperlinks are connected to multiple pages of a website

- allows you to move, or navigate b/w web pages.

- also allows you to download the audio, video and other types of multimedia files.

- the mouse pointer will changes from an arrow to a pointing 

 WWW (World Wide Web)

- www or simply "the web"

- an internet service

- it is a global information system

- fasted growing area of internet

- the web is a series of servers which is connected through multiple websites or hypertext.
-It makes available multimedia information from over 10 million computers around the world.
- the web offers text, audio, video and interactive multimedia information.

Elements of World wide web (www)

Web Browser

- It is a computer software

- that resides in your pc

- It helps the users to navigate in www 

- it displays the information in the form of images, text and multimedia files

- from different websites

- google chrome, Mozilla firefox

Web Pages

- A web page is an electronic document

- A web page is written in HTML language 

- A web page is the part of a complete website.

- A web page stores the actual information.

- Web pages are connected through hyperlinks.

Websites

- It is a place on the internet

- collection of multiple web pages.

- where all the information about any organization is stored

- Information can be single or multiple pages

- you can move one and multiple web pages using hyperlinks.

Basic Internet Terminologies

Modem

- Short form of Modulation and demodulation.

- It is a computer peripheral

- allows you to connect and communicate with another computer

- connected via telephone lines.

- It is a technique

- digital signals are converted to analog form is known as Modulation and the reverse process is called demodulation.

Internet Protocol (IP)

- It is a set of rules

- used for exchanging the information on the internet.

- Internet protocol is responsible for the addressing and sending of data from one computer to another computer.

Internet Service Provider (ISP)

- ISP is a company

- that provides the access to the internet

- It is a gateway to the internet

- connect to an ISP by using a PC modem using standard telephone lines
- You can also be used as a direct connection via fibre optical cable.

Netiquette

- Conventional rules for correct behaviour on the internet

- Basically, some good behaviour, if you stay online

Nature of Poor Netiquette

- Poor grammar and spelling errors

- Junk mails

- Harsh language

Characteristics of Good Netiquette

- Use white space

- Use a descriptive subject line

- Avoid flame war

- sending attachments

- sending messages

Good Netiquette means communications that do not waste the user's time.

Commerce on the Internet

Commerce on the internet means buying and selling items on the internet. But e-commerce or electronics commerce means buying and selling items online.

Types of E-commerce

1. Business -to business (B2B)

2. Business -to - Customer (B2C)

3. Digital Middleman

Business to business (B2B)

It means a company selling or buying products from other companies.

Business to Customer (B2C)

It means a company established a website on the internet. It provides information about the product and service on the site.

Digital Middleman

It means that a company provides information about several other companies on a website. The company gathers data from companies which provides the same type of products.

Governance on the Internet

- The internet is being used for holding a meeting with district Magistrates and other people in authority.

- In the field of education, the result of the various examinations is shown on the websites.

Meetings

- Many of the companies' CEO hold the video conference over the internet, for their Junior officers. This is called a net meeting.

Reports

- Several financial and other types of reports of private and Governmental organizations are transferred from one department to another department through the internet.

- Any person who uses this information can easily access it.

Online Registration

- Many universities and institutions provide training using online enrollment forms. 

- Thus students do not waste their time to send the forms by normal postal service.

- Many universities and institute also conduct online classes for their students.

Impact on the internet on society

- internet causes a great revolution in society.

- allowing people from all over the world communicate their ideas and feelings.

Working from home

- The workplace is becoming stressful for many people, the main reason is that air polluted, transportation problems.

- The internet offers an alternative way of working from home.

Freedom of speech

- The Internet allows anyone, who may not have the courage, to reach out to others with their ideas.

- This means that people who have a certain view can get support without being worried about others laughing at them.

Crime on the Internet

Cyber Crime

Any criminal activity that uses a computer either as an instrument, target or a means for perpetuating further crimes comes within the ambit of  "cybercrime".

Reasons for cybercrime

- capacity to store data in comparatively small space.

- Easy to access.

- Negligence

- Loss of Evidence

Mode of Cyber Crime

- Unauthorized access to a computer system/network

- Theft the information in the electronics forms

- E-mail bombing

- Salami attacks

- Trojan horse

- Web jacking

Prevention of cybercrime

- Always avoid sending any photograph online to strangers.

- Always use the latest and updated anti-virus software.

- Never share your credit and debit card numbers to anyone.

- Use the firewall of your system.

**you reached the end of lecture**

You feedback is important for us :)